C# Shallow Cpoy VS Deep Copy

淺層拷貝於深層拷貝差別 

有時需要拷貝物件時到底該怎樣視自己需要來做拷貝?
差別在於拷貝的class內部的參考物件是否只拷貝參考指標
或是拷貝完整獨立物件(連參考物件一起拷貝)
補充：

• 序列化(Serialize)的意義是把物件變成類似binary的資料,通常用來做資料傳輸,例如網路的資料傳輸
• 反序列化(DeSerialize)表示把類似binary的資料還原回物件狀態

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO; 
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading.Tasks;

 namespace ShallowCopy_VS_DeepCopy
{
     [Serializable]//標記表示可序列化 
     public class A : Object
     {
         private int  _IntProperty;
         public int  IntProperty
         {
             get
             {
                     return this._IntProperty;
             }

             set 
             { 
                     this._IntProperty = value;
             }
         }

     private  bool   _BoolProperty;
     public  bool   BoolProperty
     {

         get 
         {
                 return  this._BoolProperty;
         }

         set
         {
                this._BoolProperty = value;
         }

     }

     private  B  _ReferenceProperty;//參考物件欄位
     public  B  ReferenceProperty
     {
         get
         {
                 return  this._ReferenceProperty;
         }
         set 
         {
                 this._ReferenceProperty = value;
         }
      }

      //Constructor

     public  A(int  intvalue, bool  boolvalue, decimal  decimalvalue, short shortvalue)
     {

         _IntProperty = intvalue; 

         _BoolProperty = boolvalue;

         _ReferenceProperty = new B (decimalvalue, shortvalue);

     }


     /// 重點在這使用BinaryFormetter的序列化方法通過資料流轉換此物件並還原物件///

     public A DeepCopy()
     { 
         //此為把物件序列化後拷貝至資料流並且在還原序列化回物件狀態 

         //所以拷貝的物件包含其參考物件也一併序列化 

         //所以參考物件內的資料也一併拷貝,故為獨立物件非參考指標 

         MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); 

         BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();//重點在這

         bf.Serialize(ms, this);//序列化this物件 

         ms.Position = 0; 

         return  (A)bf.Deserialize(ms); //還原序列化

     } 

     public Object Clone() 
     { 

           using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
           {

                //同上意思 

                IFormatter format = new BinaryFormatter(); 

                format.Serialize(ms, this); 

                ms.Position = 0; 

                return format.Deserialize(ms); 

            } 
     }

     public A ShallowCopy() 
     { 

           //這是原生的淺層拷貝,拷貝的物件內的參考物件只有拷貝指標, 

           //所以參考物件改變則此拷貝的物件內容也跟者改變 

           return (A)this.MemberwiseClone();

      } 
   } 

   [Serializable] 

   public class B : object 
   { 

        private decimal  _DecimalProperty; 

        public decimal  DecimalProperty;
        { 

            get 
            { 

                   return  _DecimalProperty; 

            } 

            set
            { 

                   _DecimalProperty = value;

            } 

        } 

        private short  _ShortProperty; 

        //Constructor

        public B(decimal  decimalvalue, short  shortvalue) 
        {

             _DecimalProperty = decimalvalue;

             _ShortProperty = shortvalue; 

        } 

        public short ShortProperty 
        { 

              get 
              { 

                       return  _ShortProperty; 

              }

              set 
              { 

                       _ShortProperty = value;

              }

         }

     } 

}